The southern coast gradually consolidated into the Bosporan Kingdom which was annexed by Pontus in Asia Minor and later became a client kingdom of Rome from 63 BCE to 341 CE. Following the end of Nazi occupation during World War II, indigenous Crimean Tatars were forcibly deported and the autonomous republic was abolished in 1945, replaced with an oblast-level jurisdiction. When Ukraine became independent, Crimea remained a republic within the country, leading to tensions between Russia and Ukraine as the Black Sea Fleet was based on the peninsula. Solar photovoltaic SES plants are plentiful on the peninsula, including a small facility north of Sevastopol. The Crimean Mountains and the southern coast are part of the Crimean Submediterranean forest complex ecoregion.

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  • The Crimean Mountains and the southern coast are part of the Crimean Submediterranean forest complex ecoregion.

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  • This «riviera» stretches along the southeast coast from capes Fiolent and Aya, in the south, to Feodosia.

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  • Besides the isthmus of Perekop, the peninsula is connected to the Kherson Oblast’s Henichesk Raion by bridges over the narrow Chonhar and Henichesk straits and over Kerch Strait to the Krasnodar Krai.

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  • Maritime influences from the Black Sea are restricted to coastal areas; in the interior of the peninsula the maritime influence is weak and does not play an important role.
  • Three days later, several Ukrainian bases and navy ships in Crimea reported being intimidated by Russian forces and Ukrainian warships were also effectively blockaded in Sevastopol.
  • Greeks colonised its southern fringe and were absorbed by the Roman and Byzantine Empires and successor states while remaining culturally Greek.

Russian Civil War (1917–

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  • Winds from the northwest bring warm and wet air from the Atlantic Ocean, causing precipitation during spring and summer.

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  • The southern coast gradually consolidated into the Bosporan Kingdom which was annexed by Pontus in Asia Minor and later became a client kingdom of Rome from 63 BCE to 341 CE.

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  • Solar photovoltaic SES plants are plentiful on the peninsula, including a small facility north of Sevastopol.

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  • Most of the peninsula receives more than 2,000 sunshine hours per year; it reaches up to 2,505 sunshine hours in Qarabiy yayla in the Crimean Mountains.

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  • The frost-free period ranges from 160 to 200 days in the steppe and mountain regions to 240–260 days on the south coast.

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  • The third region is made up of the alpine fold mountains of the south, which form three chains parallel to the southern coast.

The Crimean mountains greatly influence the amount of precipitation present in the peninsula. The plains usually receive 300 to 400 millimetres (11.8 to 15.7 in) of precipitation per year, increasing to 560 millimetres (22.0 in) in the southern coast at sea level. The western parts of the Crimean mountains receive more than 1,000 millimetres (39.4 in) of precipitation per year. The Southern Coast is shielded from cold air masses coming from the north and, as a result, has milder winters.
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  • The northern parts of Crimea have a moderate continental climate with short but cold winters and moderately hot dry summers.

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  • This range drops steeply to the sea, where there is a narrow coastal plain broken by cliffs and headlands.

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  • The Southern Coast is shielded from cold air masses coming from the north and, as a result, has milder winters.

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  • Crimea is located between the temperate and subtropical climate belts and is characterised by warm and sunny weather.

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  • Brines from Syvash supply chemical plants at Krasnoperekopsk in northwestern Crimea.
  • Because a high-pressure system is located north of Crimea in both summer and winter, winds predominantly come from the north and northeast year-round.

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Autonomous Republic of Crimea

The Genoese–Mongol Wars were fought between the 13th and 15th centuries for control of south Crimea. However, support for the second question would have restored the republic’s autonomous status within Ukraine. Aksyonov then said that he asserted sole control over Crimea’s security forces and appealed to Russia «for assistance in guaranteeing peace and calmness» on the peninsula. Three days later, several Ukrainian bases and navy ships in Crimea reported being intimidated by Russian forces and Ukrainian warships were also effectively blockaded in Sevastopol. The peninsula is connected on the northwest to the mainland by the Perekop Isthmus, a 5-mile- (8-km-) wide strip of land that has been the site of numerous battles for the control of Crimea.

Crimea

The northern parts of Crimea have a moderate continental climate with short but Spinday cold winters and moderately hot dry summers. A subtropical, Mediterranean climate dominates the southern coastal regions, is characterised by mild winters and moderately hot, dry summers. Simferopol, the administrative centre of the republic, is located in the foothills of the Crimean Mountains. Along the southern coast, tourism is extremely important, with Yalta, Gurzuf, Alushta, and Alupka among the main centres.

Formation of the autonomous republic

Mean annual temperatures range from 10 °C (50.0 °F) in the far north (Armiansk) to 13 °C (55.4 °F) in the far south (Yalta). The frost-free period ranges from 160 to 200 days in the steppe and mountain regions to 240–260 days on the south coast. Greeks colonised its southern fringe and were absorbed by the Roman and Byzantine Empires and successor states while remaining culturally Greek. When the Bolsheviks secured Crimea, it became an autonomous soviet republic within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.